Apostrophes – A Simple Guide to Getting Them Right

Apostrophes may be small, but they play a big role in the English language. When used correctly, they clarify meaning, show possession, or indicate missing letters. However, when misused, they can confuse readers and weaken your writing. This guide will help you understand how to use apostrophes with ease.

When to Use Apostrophes

1. To Show Possession

• Singular possession: Add an apostrophe plus s.

  • Example: The teacher’s book (the book belongs to the teacher).

• Plural possession: Add an apostrophe after the s.

  • Example: The students’ classroom (the classroom belongs to the students).

2. To Indicate Contractions
Apostrophes are used to show missing letters when two words are combined.

• Example: don’t (do not), it’s (it is), they’re (they are).

3. To Show Plural Forms of Letters, Numbers, or Words (Occasionally)
Although less common, apostrophes are sometimes used to form the plural of letters and numbers.

• Example: Mind your p’s and q’s or She grew up in the 1990’s.
  Note: Modern usage often omits the apostrophe (1990s).

When Not to Use Apostrophes

• Do not use apostrophes to make regular nouns plural.

  • Incorrect: Apple’s for sale.

  • Correct: Apples for sale.

• Do not confuse its and it’s.

  • Its shows possession (The dog wagged its tail).

  • It’s is a contraction of it is (It’s raining).

Common Mistakes with Apostrophes

1. Using apostrophes in plurals: Banana’s for sale instead of Bananas for sale.

2. Forgetting to use them in contractions: Writing dont instead of don’t.

3. Mixing up possessive and plural forms: The Smith’s are coming instead of The Smiths are coming.

Conclusion

Apostrophes are simple once you know the rules. Use them for possession and contractions, avoid them in regular plurals, and always double-check tricky words like its and it’s. Mastering apostrophes will not only make your writing clearer but also more professional.